Perception of parents and caregivers about the need for dental appointments for adolescents from a Brazilian birth cohort.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the perception of parents or caregivers regarding the need for dental appointments for adolescents aged 12-13 years and associated factors. METHODS: Data from the Pelotas 2004 Birth Cohort were used. The outcome variable was the need for dental appointments for young adolescents perceived by parents or caregivers. Demographic and economic exposure variables were obtained from the first (2004) and sixth general follow-up (2015), respectively. The exposure variables 'previous history of dental pain', 'self-rated oral health', clinical variables and the outcome variable were obtained from the second oral health follow-up (2017). Unadjusted and adjusted multivariate Poisson regression analyses provided prevalence ratios (PR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: At the first oral health follow-up (2009), 1303 five-year-old children were recruited, 996 of whom were reassessed and underwent oral health examinations at 12 and 13 years of age (response rate: 76.4%). The findings showed that 72.4% of parents/caregivers perceived that the adolescents needed dental appointments. No associations were found between the outcome and sociodemographic or economic variables. After adjustments, the outcome remained positively associated with previous history of toothache (PR 1.22; 95% CI 1.14-1.32), self-rated oral health as fair or poor (PR 1.26; 95% CI 1.15-1.39), the presence of dental caries (PR 1.27; 95% CI 1.20-1.38) and severe or disabling malocclusion (PR 1.14; 95% CI 1.05-1.25). CONCLUSIONS: The perception of parents/caregivers regarding the need for dental appointments on the part of their adolescent sons and daughters was associated with oral health problems, and these findings can serve as the basis for creating and improving oral health programmes that seek a better understanding on the part of parents and caregivers regarding the importance of integral care for their adolescent children.

Production of dental prosthetics in the SUS in Brazilian older population and impact of the covid-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: Describe the trends in the production of dental prosthetics by the Unified Health System (SUS) in older people aged 60 years or older in Brazil and country regions from 2010 to 2019 and the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the expected production for 2020 and 2021. METHODS: A time series study using secondary data from the SUS database (Datasus-Tabnet) and the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE) from 2010 to 2021. Age-standardized rates were calculated for Brazil and regions for each year analyzed. Generalized linear regressions estimated production trends using the Prais-Winstein estimation method. RESULTS: A growth trend occurred in the standardized production rate of complete dentures and other prosthetics per 100,000 inhabitants in Brazil and all country regions. The increase in the production of complete dentures was higher in the Northeast region (50.3%/year) and lower in the North region (19.1%/year). Trends in the production of other prosthetics were higher in the Southeast region (120.7%/year) and lower in the North region (24.5%/year). The output of prosthetics for both groups decreased in the pandemic years. In 2020, the relative difference ranged from -36.4% (North) to -61.7% (Northeast) for producing complete dentures and from -17.9% (North) to -68.4% (Northeast) for other prosthetics. In 2021, standardized rates and total production increased compared to the previous year. However, compared with expected values, the differences were close to those in 2020. CONCLUSION: Policies aimed at producing complete dentures and other prosthetics have been increasing. However, production remains far from the population's needs, and there is no equity in providing services. The covid-19 pandemic negatively impacted the production of dental prosthetics by SUS.

Ultra-processed food consumption and dental caries in adolescents from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and dental caries in adolescents. METHODS: Data from 996 adolescents aged 12-13 years who participated in an oral health sub-study of the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort in southern Brazil were analysed. The main exposure was daily UPF consumption at age 10-11 years, measured by a food frequency questionnaire containing 24 UPF items defined based on the NOVA system. UPF consumption was calculated in frequency, grams and calories, in general and for six types of food (biscuits, savoury snacks and sugar-sweetened cereals; ultra-processed meats and fats; sweets; fast food and instant noodles; soft drinks and artificially flavoured drinks; and sweetened milk and powdered chocolate). The outcome was dental caries, measured according to the decayed, missing and filled indexes (DMFS and dmfs) at age 12-13 years. Poisson regression models were used to analyse the association between UPF consumption and dental caries, adjusting for socioeconomic and demographic variables, dental visits and oral hygiene. RESULTS: Overall, the daily UPF consumption in frequency, grams and calories was associated with caries. The findings were consistent for UPF consumption for all six food groups. The higher the UPF consumption, the higher the probability of having caries in adolescence. The associations between ultra-processed meats and fats, and fast food and instant noodles intake with dental caries alert to the cariogenic potential of such UPF foods. CONCLUSION: Ultra-processed food consumption was associated with greater caries burdens in young adolescents. The findings reinforce the need for interventions and public policies to reduce UPF consumption in adolescence.

Correlation between physical activity practice and mortality from COVID-19: an ecological study / Correlação entre prática de atividade física e mortalidade por COVID-19: um estudo ecológico / Correlación entre la práctica de actividad física y la mortalidad por COVID-19: un estudio ecológico

Background and objective: new population-level studies are needed to better assess the relationship between physical inactivity and mortality from COVID-19. The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between population prevalence of physical activity and standardized mortality rates by COVID-19 in Brazilian capital cities and the Federal District. Methods: this is an ecological study, whose analysis is secondary. The prevalence of physical inactivity, insufficient physical activity, and physical activity during free time was obtained from the Surveillance of Risk Factors and Protection for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey 2019 (VIGITEL), according to minutes spent on leisure, commuting, and household activities. The COVID-19 mortality data was obtained from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Gripe), adding the accumulated deaths until December 31, 2020. The resident population was estimated from the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) for the year 2020. Pearson Correlation evaluated the correlation between the prevalence of different physical activity practices and the standardized mortality rate from COVID-19, in total, and according to age groups. Results: there was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.420; p = 0.029) between the overall prevalence of insufficient physical activity and the standardized COVID-19 mortality rate. No correlation was observed between the other prevalence of physical activity and the standardized mortality rate from COVID-19. Conclusion: there was a correlation between insufficient levels of physical activity and the standardized mortality rate from COVID-19 in people living in Brazilian capital cities.(AU)

Justificativa e objetivo: novos estudos em nível populacional são necessários para avaliar a relação entre inatividade física e mortalidade por COVID-19. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a correlação entre as prevalências populacionais de prática de atividade física e as taxas padronizadas de mortalidade por COVID-19 nas cidades capitais brasileiras e no Distrito Federal. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo ecológico, cuja análise é secundária. As prevalências de inatividade física, atividade física insuficiente e atividade física no tempo livre foram obtidas do inquérito Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico 2019 (VIGITEL). Os dados de mortalidade por COVID-19 foram obtidos do Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe (SIVEP-Gripe), somando os óbitos acumulados até 31 de dezembro de 2020. A população residente foi estimada a partir do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) para o ano de 2020. A Correlação de Pearson avaliou a correlação entre a prevalência de diferentes práticas de atividade física e a taxa padronizada de mortalidade por COVID-19, no total e segundo faixas etárias. Resultados: houve correlação significativa positiva (r = 0,420; p = 0,029) entre a prevalência geral de atividade física insuficiente e a taxa padronizada de mortalidade por COVID-19. Não foi observada correlação entre as demais prevalências de prática de atividade física e taxa padronizada de mortalidade por COVID-19. Conclusão: houve correlação entre os níveis insuficientes de atividade física e a taxa padronizada de mortalidade por COVID-19 em pessoas que vivem nas cidades capitais brasileiras.(AU)

Justificación y objetivo: nuevos estudios a nivel poblacional son necesarios para evaluar la relación entre la inactividad física y la mortalidad por COVID-19. Evaluar la correlación entre la prevalencia poblacional de actividad física y las tasas estandarizadas de mortalidad por COVID-19 en las capitales brasileñas y el Distrito Federal. Métodos: se trata de un estudio ecológico, cuyo análisis es secundario. Las prevalencias de sedentarismo, actividad física insuficiente y actividad física en el tiempo libre se obtuvieron de la Encuesta Telefónica de Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo y Protección de Enfermedades Crónicas 2019 (VIGITEL). Los datos de mortalidad por COVID-19 se obtuvieron del Sistema de Información de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de Influenza (SIVEP-Gripe), sumando las muertes acumuladas hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2020. La población residente se estimó del Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) para el año. 2020. Pearson Correlation evaluó la correlación entre la prevalencia de diferentes prácticas de actividad física y la tasa de mortalidad estandarizada por COVID-19, en total y según grupos de edad. Resultados: hubo una correlación positiva significativa (r = 0,420; p = 0,029) entre la prevalencia general de actividad física insuficiente y la tasa de mortalidad estandarizada por COVID-19. No se observó correlación entre la otra prevalencia de actividad física y la tasa de mortalidad estandarizada por COVID-19. Conclusión: hubo una correlación entre los niveles insuficientes de actividad física y la tasa de mortalidad estandarizada por COVID-19 en personas que viven en las capitales brasileñas.(AU)

Explaining income inequities in tooth loss among Brazilian adults.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent to which individual and contextual variables explain income inequities in tooth loss in Brazilian adults. METHODS: A nationally representative sample of 65,784 Brazilian adults aged 18-59 who participated in the Brazilian National Health Survey 2019 was analyzed. Self-reported tooth loss was the outcome. Per capita income was the main exposure, and minimum wage was the cutoff point. Individual covariates included sex, race, and schooling, dental visits, smoking status, use of dental floss, and self-reported chronic conditions. Contextual covariates included access to treated water and geographic region of residence. Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis was used to estimate the share of each factor in income-related tooth loss inequities by age groups. RESULTS: Age-standardized tooth loss showed large income inequities. The average difference in tooth loss related to income inequities in the 18-34-year-old group was 0.50 (95% CI 0.39; 0.60), increasing to 4.51 (95% CI 4.09; 4.93) in the 45-59 years. Individual and contextual covariates explained almost 90% of income inequities in the 45-59 year group. Use of dental floss, schooling, and geographic region of residence (a proxy for human development level) had a higher proportion of contribution to the inequities examined. CONCLUSIONS: Individual and contextual covariates (proxy for human development level and water fluoridation coverage) explained a large share of income-related tooth loss inequities. Tailored strategies to act at both levels can help reduce tooth loss inequities among Brazilian adults.

Agreement between self-rated denture condition and clinical examination in older adults.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare differences between complete denture conditions self-rated by older adult wearers and clinically exanimated by a professional based on standardised aesthetics and functional criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Complete denture clinical examination was based on the functional (stability, retention, occlusion and articulation, vertical dimension of occlusion) and aesthetics criteria. Data on self-rated complete denture conditions were measured using the Patient's Denture Assessment (PDA) questionnaire based on standardised aesthetic and functional criteria (n = 122). Prevalence rates of clinical and self-rated complete denture condition, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and absolute and relative bias were calculated. RESULTS: The highest sensitivity (66.7% [95% CI 55.3-76.7]) was obtained for aesthetic criterion, whereas occlusion revealed the lowest sensitivity (14.9% [95% CI 6.2-28.3]). Stability had the highest specificity (91.3% [95% CI 72.0-98.9]) and aesthetics the lowest (21.4% [95% CI 8.3-41.0]). Stability also yielded the highest positive predictive value (83.3% [95% CI 51.6-97.9]), and vertical dimension of occlusion the lowest (26.3% [95% CI 9.1-51.2]). The vertical dimension of occlusion yielded the highest negative predictive value (71.2% [95% CI 58.7-81.7]). Self-rated data underestimated the complete denture condition in 6.5% compared with clinical examinations when the aesthetic criterion was excluded from the analysis and 7.6% when added. CONCLUSIONS: Older adult wearers better identified the condition of their complete denture when the aesthetic criterion was excluded from examination. In contrast, considering functional criteria (retention, stability, occlusion and vertical dimension of occlusion), self-rated complete denture conditions underestimated clinical examination. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Using standardised aesthetic criteria in epidemiological studies for assessing complete denture conditions self-rated by wearers could avoid underestimating or overestimating the information regarding the use or need for dental prostheses.

Tooth loss severity and core and non-core food consumption among older Brazilian adults.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between tooth loss severity and core and non-core food consumption in the older Brazilian population. METHODS: We analysed data from 20 756 people aged 60 years or older who participated in the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey. The average consumption days a week of core (8-item) and non-core (4-item) foods were the outcomes, measured using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Tooth loss severity was the main exposure, using a four-category ordinal variable: mild (1-12 teeth missing), moderate (13-22), severe (23-31) and edentulous (all 32). Sociodemographic, tobacco smoking, use of dental prosthesis, difficulty in chewing and systemic conditions were among the covariates. Linear regression models estimated the association between tooth loss and food consumption. RESULTS: Almost two-thirds of participants had moderate or worse levels of tooth loss. Older adults with more severe tooth loss reported an overall lower consumption of core and higher non-core foods than those with mild tooth loss. Worse tooth loss severity was associated with lower consumption of vegetables and/or legumes and fruits, and higher consumption of beans, artificial fruit juices and confectionery. CONCLUSIONS: Older Brazilian adults with more severe tooth loss are consuming lower core and higher non-core foods. Our findings reinforce the importance of the common risk factor approach to tackle the adverse effects of tooth loss on diet.

Production of dental prosthetics in the SUS in Brazilian older population and impact of the covid-19 pandemic / Produção de próteses dentárias no SUS em idosos brasileiros e impacto da pandemia covid-19

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Describe the trends in the production of dental prosthetics by the Unified Health System (SUS) in older people aged 60 years or older in Brazil and country regions from 2010 to 2019 and the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the expected production for 2020 and 2021. METHODS A time series study using secondary data from the SUS database (Datasus-Tabnet) and the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE) from 2010 to 2021. Age-standardized rates were calculated for Brazil and regions for each year analyzed. Generalized linear regressions estimated production trends using the Prais-Winstein estimation method. RESULTS A growth trend occurred in the standardized production rate of complete dentures and other prosthetics per 100,000 inhabitants in Brazil and all country regions. The increase in the production of complete dentures was higher in the Northeast region (50.3%/year) and lower in the North region (19.1%/year). Trends in the production of other prosthetics were higher in the Southeast region (120.7%/year) and lower in the North region (24.5%/year). The output of prosthetics for both groups decreased in the pandemic years. In 2020, the relative difference ranged from -36.4% (North) to -61.7% (Northeast) for producing complete dentures and from -17.9% (North) to -68.4% (Northeast) for other prosthetics. In 2021, standardized rates and total production increased compared to the previous year. However, compared with expected values, the differences were close to those in 2020. CONCLUSION Policies aimed at producing complete dentures and other prosthetics have been increasing. However, production remains far from the population's needs, and there is no equity in providing services. The covid-19 pandemic negatively impacted the production of dental prosthetics by SUS.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever as tendências na produção de próteses odontológicas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) em idosos de 60 anos ou mais no Brasil e nas regiões do país de 2010 a 2019, e o impacto da pandemia de covid-19 na produção esperada para 2020 e 2021. MÉTODOS Estudo de séries temporais que utilizou dados secundários provenientes do banco de dados do SUS (Datasus-Tabnet), e do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, no período de 2010 a 2021. Calcularam-se as taxas padronizadas por idade para o Brasil e regiões de cada ano analisado. Regressões lineares generalizadas, pelo método de estimação de Prais-Winstein, estimaram as tendências das produções. RESULTADOS Houve tendência de crescimento na taxa padronizada de produção das próteses totais e das demais próteses para cada 100 mil habitantes, no Brasil e em todas as regiões do país. O aumento na produção de próteses totais foi maior na região Nordeste (50,3%/ano) e menor na região Norte (19,1%/ano). As tendências na produção das demais próteses foram maiores na região Sudeste (120,7%/ano) e menores na região Norte (24,5%/ano). A produção de próteses para ambos os grupos diminuiu nos anos de pandemia. Em 2020, a diferença relativa variou de -36,4% (Norte) até -61,7% (Nordeste) para a produção de próteses totais e de -17,9% (Norte) até -68,4% (Nordeste) para as demais próteses. Em 2021, as taxas padronizadas e a produção absoluta aumentaram quando comparadas ao ano anterior, todavia, em relação aos valores esperados, as diferenças foram próximas às encontradas em 2020. CONCLUSÃO Políticas voltadas para a produção de próteses totais e das demais próteses vêm tomando forças e crescendo. Todavia, a produção se mantém distante da necessidade da população e não há equidade na oferta dos serviços. A pandemia de covid-19 impactou negativamente na produção de próteses dentárias pelo SUS.

Prevalence of unprotected sexual activity in the Brazilian population and associated factors: National Health Survey, 2019. / Prevalência de atividade sexual desprotegida na população brasileira e fatores associados: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2019.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate prevalence of unprotected sexual activity and associated factors in the Brazilian population. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with 61,523 adults aged 18 years or older who took part in the 2019 National Health Survey. We estimated prevalence of unprotected sexual activity in the last year. We analyzed association of socioeconomic and demographic variables with the outcome using Poisson regression, estimating prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: Prevalence of unprotected sexual activity was 76.9% (95%CI 76.3;77.6), being higher in all the country's regions in comparison to the Northern region, as well as being higher among people living in rural areas (PR = 1.04; 95%CI 1.03;1.06), females (PR = 1.06; 95%CI 1.05;1.08), participants aged 60 years or older (PR = 1.33; 95%CI 1.27;1.38), married individuals (PR = 1.25; 95%CI 1.23;1.27) and those with less education (PR = 1.05; 95%CI 1.03;1.06). CONCLUSION: Strategies aimed at groups with higher prevalence of unprotected sexual activity are necessary.

Prevalence of unprotected sexual activity in the Brazilian population and associated factors: National Health Survey, 2019 / Prevalencia de actividad sexual sin protección en la población brasileña y factores asociados: Encuesta Nacional de Salud, 2019 / Prevalência de atividade sexual desprotegida na população brasileira e fatores associados: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2019

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with unprotected sexual activity in the Brazilian population. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 61.523 adults aged 18 years or older, participating in the 2019 National Health Survey. The prevalence of unprotected sexual activity in the last year was estimated. The association of socioeconomic and demographic variables with the outcome was analyzed using Poisson regression, with estimation of prevalence ratios (PR) and 95%CI. Results: The prevalence of unprotected sexual activity was 76.9% (95%CI 76.3;77.6), being higher in all regions compared to the North region, rural residents (PR=1.04 ­ 95%CI 1.03;1.06), female participants (PR=1.06 ­ 95%CI 1.05;1.08), participants aged 60 years or older (PR=1,33 ­ 95%CI 1,27;1,38), married (PR=1.25 ­ 95%CI 1.23;1.27), and less educated (PR=1.05 ­ 95%CI 1.03;1.06). Conclusion: Strategies aimed at groups with a higher prevalence of unprotected sexual activity are necessary.

Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la actividad sexual sin protección en la población brasileña. Métodos: Estudio transversal con 61.523 adultos mayores de 18 años participantes de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2019. Se estimó la prevalencia de actividad sexualsin protección en el último año. La asociación de variables socioeconómicas y demográficas con el desenlace se analizó mediante regresión de Poisson, con estimación de razones de prevalencia (RP) e IC95%. Resultados: La prevalencia de actividad sexual sin protección fue del 76,9% (IC95% 76,3; 77,6), siendo mayor en todas las regiones en comparación con el Norte, residentes rurales (RP=1,04 ­ IC95% 1,03;1,06), mujeres (RP=1,06 ­ IC95% 1,05;1,08), mayores de 60 años (RP=1,33 ­ IC95% 1,27;1,38), casados (RP=1,25 ­ IC95% 1,23;1,27) y menos educados (RP=1,05 ­ IC95% 1,03;1,06). Conclusión: Se necesitan estrategias dirigidas a los grupos con mayor prevalencia de actividad sexual sin protección.

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência e fatores associados à atividade sexual desprotegida na população brasileira. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 61.523 adultos, na idade de 18 anos ou mais, participantes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2019. Foram estimadas as prevalências de atividade sexual desprotegida no último ano. A associação das variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas com o desfecho foi analisada pela regressão de Poisson, com estimação das razões de prevalências (RPs) e intervalo de confiaça de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: A prevalência de atividade sexual desprotegida foi de 76,9% (IC95% 76,3;77,6), maior em todas as macrorregiões nacionais quando comparadas região Norte, em moradores da zona rural (RP=1,04 ­ IC95% 1,03;1,06), sexo feminino (RP=1,06 ­ IC95% 1,05;1,08), idade de 60 anos ou mais (RP=1,33 ­ IC95% 1,27;1,38), casados (RP=1,25 ­ IC95% 1,23;1,27) e menos escolarizados (RP=1,05 ­ IC95% 1,03;1,06). Conclusão: Estratégias direcionadas aos grupos com maior prevalência de atividade sexual desprotegida são necessárias.

Ultra-processed food consumption and dental caries in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study summarised the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and dental caries in children and adolescents through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The search of PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science and Scopus databases using the 'PECOS' strategy retrieved 1462 eligible articles. Only studies with humans aged ≤ 19 years; that assessed groups of any UPF or specific UPF items; that measured dental caries as the decayed, filled and missing surfaces or teeth indexes, based on the WHO criteria; cross-sectional, case-control, cohort and all types of interventions that examined the adjusted association between UPF consumption and dental caries were included. All studies received qualitative evaluation. Meta-analysis using random-effects models combined multivariable-adjusted OR for case-control and cross-sectional studies and risk ratio (RR) for longitudinal studies of the highest v. lowest category of UPF consumption. Forty-two studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and twenty-seven in the meta-analysis. The pooled RR was 1·71 (95 % CI 1·31, 2·24), and the pooled OR was 1·55 (95 % CI 1·37, 1·75). The highest OR was found among participants who had dental caries prevalence >70 % (OR = 3·67, 95 % CI 2·16, 6·23). Better evidence quality was found among cohort studies that evaluated children <6 years old. The findings suggest that higher UPF consumption is associated with greater dental caries in children and adolescents. Public health efforts to reduce UPF consumption are needed to improve the oral health of children and adolescents.

Does smoking habit affect dendritic cell expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma?

The aim of this study was to determine the presence of immature CD1a+ and mature CD83+ dendritic cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma, to compare immunoreactivity between smokers and nonsmokers, and to correlate the results with histopathological grading. In this observational study, twenty-eight paraffin-embedded biopsies of oral squamous cell carcinoma were retrospectively retrieved and submitted to immunohistochemistry for immature CD1a+ and mature CD83+. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed. The sample consisted of 18 man (64.3%) and 10 women (35.7%), with a mean age of 64.6 years in the nonsmoker group and 53.2 years in the smoker group. The tongue (11 cases, 39.2%) was the most commonly affected anatomical site, followed by gingiva (6 cases, 21.4%). Histopathological grading revealed 7 low-grade and 7 high-grade malignancy cases in each group, and no correlation with the number of positive DCs. The number of immature CD1a+ was not significantly different between smoker and nonsmoker groups, while a lower number of mature CD83+ was detected in the smoker group (p = 0.001). Smoking changes the oral immune system and decreases the ability to activate and mature dendritic cells, which may influence the development and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Fidelity of motivational interviewing in an oral health intervention with caregivers of young children.

The aim of this study was to assess the fidelity of a motivational interviewing (MI) intervention with caregivers of young children in primary healthcare in Southern Brazil. Seven trained interventionists conducted one MI session with each caregiver at their home. The sessions were audio-recorded and a randomly selected subset (n = 109) was coded by a single reviewer using the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity 3.1.1. criteria (MITI 3.1.1.). This instrument establishes parameters of MI proficiency for beginners and experts measuring the global ratings of five MI principles (evocation, collaboration, autonomy/support, direction and empathy), the global MI spirit score, and the behavior counts of MI basic skills: to inform, to ask, and to listen. The mean global MI spirit rating was 4.0 (95%CI 3.9-4.1). Mean MI principle scores ranged from 3.8 (95%CI 3.7-3.9) to 4.3 (95%CI 4.2-4.4). The overall reflection-to-question ratio was 0.9 (95 CI 0.8-1.0), % open questions was 76.3 (95%CI 73.1-79.6), % complex reflections was 66.1 (95%CI 63.1-69.1), and % MI-adherent information was 94.1 (95%CI 93.5-94.5). Interventionists with higher scores conducted more and longer sessions than those with lower scores (p = 0.012). Those with beginner proficiency had a higher proportion of caregivers changing their oral health knowledge (p = 0.005). In conclusion, a good degree of MI fidelity was found, with higher fidelity among interventionists who conducted more interviews and spent more time talking with caregivers.

Knowledge About Biosafety Measures in Clinical Setting During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study With Brazilian Dental Students.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge of Brazilian dental students about biosafety measures that should be adopted in the clinical setting during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 1050 dental students was conducted. A semi-structured questionnaire was shared with students. Mean knowledge score on biosafety guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic was the outcome, with a maximum of 8 scores. Explanatory variables included sociodemographic and educational characteristics, aspects related to biosafety education, actions adopted by the dental schools during the pandemic, and sources of biosafety information. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Mean knowledge score was 5.19 (1.28). Female students (ß = 0.346; 95% CI: 0.154-0.539), those enrolled in the intermediate (ß = 0.525; 95% CI: 0.167-0.883) or final (ß = 0.569; 95% CI: 0.200-0.937) stage of course, and those who had already received theoretical-practical training in biosafety (ß = 0.464; 95% CI: 0.063-0.866) presented higher mean knowledge scores. Students who did not receive guidance on aerosol control measures before the pandemic (ß = -0.324; 95% CI: -0.519 to -0.130) had the lowest score. CONCLUSION: Students presented a medium level of knowledge about dental biosafety measures concerning the COVID-19 pandemic. Sociodemographic characteristics and those related to the institutional profile of the participants, and access to orientation and training in biosafety, may influence their knowledge.

Prevalência de atividade sexual desprotegida na população brasileira e fatores associados: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2019 / Prevalencia de actividad sexual sin protección en la población brasileña y factores asociados: Encuesta Nacional de Salud, 2019 / Prevalence of unprotected sexual activity in the Brazilian population and associated factors: National Health Survey, 2019

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência e fatores associados à atividade sexual desprotegida na população brasileira. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 61.523 adultos, na idade de 18 anos ou mais, participantes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2019. Foram estimadas as prevalências de atividade sexual desprotegida no último ano. A associação das variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas com o desfecho foi analisada pela regressão de Poisson, com estimação das razões de prevalência (RPs) e intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: A prevalência de atividade sexual desprotegida foi de 76,9% (IC95% 76,3;77,6), maior em todas as macrorregiões nacionais quando comparadas à região Norte, em moradores da zona rural (RP = 1,04; IC95% 1,03;1,06), sexo feminino (RP = 1,06; IC95% 1,05;1,08), idade de 60 anos ou mais (RP = 1,33; IC95% 1,27;1,38), casados (RP = 1,25; IC95% 1,23;1,27) e menos escolarizados (RP = 1,05; IC95% 1,03;1,06). Conclusão: Estratégias direcionadas aos grupos com maior prevalência de atividade sexual desprotegida são necessárias.

Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la actividad sexual sin protección en la población brasileña. Métodos: Estudio transversal con 61.523 adultos mayores de 18 años participantes de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2019. Se estimó la prevalencia de actividad sexual sin protección en el último año. La asociación de variables socioeconómicas y demográficas con el desenlace se analizó mediante regresión de Poisson, con estimación de razones de prevalencia (RP) e IC95%. Resultados: La prevalencia de actividad sexual sin protección fue del 76,9% (IC95% 76,3;77,6), siendo mayor en todas las regiones en comparación con el Norte, residentes rurales (RP = 1,04; IC95% 1,03;1,06), sexo femenino (RP = 1,06; IC95% 1,05;1,08), mayores de 60 años (RP = 1,33; IC95% 1,27;1,38), casados (RP = 1,25; IC95% 1,23;1,27) y menos educados (RP = 1,05; IC95% 1,03;1,06). Conclusión: Se necesitan estrategias dirigidas a los grupos con mayor prevalencia de actividad sexual sin protección.

Objective: To estimate prevalence of unprotected sexual activity and associated factors in the Brazilian population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 61,523 adults aged 18 years or older who took part in the 2019 National Health Survey. We estimated prevalence of unprotected sexual activity in the last year. We analyzed association of socioeconomic and demographic variables with the outcome using Poisson regression, estimating prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: Prevalence of unprotected sexual activity was 76.9% (95%CI 76.3;77.6), being higher in all the country's regions in comparison to the Northern region, as well as being higher among people living in rural areas (PR = 1.04; 95%CI 1.03;1.06), females (PR = 1.06; 95%CI 1.05;1.08), participants aged 60 years or older (PR = 1.33; 95%CI 1.27;1.38), married individuals (PR = 1.25; 95%CI 1.23;1.27) and those with less education (PR = 1.05; 95%CI 1.03;1.06). Conclusion: Strategies aimed at groups with higher prevalence of unprotected sexual activity are necessary.

Does smoking habit affect dendritic cell expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma?

Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the presence of immature CD1a+ and mature CD83+ dendritic cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma, to compare immunoreactivity between smokers and nonsmokers, and to correlate the results with histopathological grading. In this observational study, twenty-eight paraffin-embedded biopsies of oral squamous cell carcinoma were retrospectively retrieved and submitted to immunohistochemistry for immature CD1a+ and mature CD83+. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed. The sample consisted of 18 man (64.3%) and 10 women (35.7%), with a mean age of 64.6 years in the nonsmoker group and 53.2 years in the smoker group. The tongue (11 cases, 39.2%) was the most commonly affected anatomical site, followed by gingiva (6 cases, 21.4%). Histopathological grading revealed 7 low-grade and 7 high-grade malignancy cases in each group, and no correlation with the number of positive DCs. The number of immature CD1a+ was not significantly different between smoker and nonsmoker groups, while a lower number of mature CD83+ was detected in the smoker group (p = 0.001). Smoking changes the oral immune system and decreases the ability to activate and mature dendritic cells, which may influence the development and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Fidelity of motivational interviewing in an oral health intervention with caregivers of young children

Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the fidelity of a motivational interviewing (MI) intervention with caregivers of young children in primary healthcare in Southern Brazil. Seven trained interventionists conducted one MI session with each caregiver at their home. The sessions were audio-recorded and a randomly selected subset (n = 109) was coded by a single reviewer using the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity 3.1.1. criteria (MITI 3.1.1.). This instrument establishes parameters of MI proficiency for beginners and experts measuring the global ratings of five MI principles (evocation, collaboration, autonomy/support, direction and empathy), the global MI spirit score, and the behavior counts of MI basic skills: to inform, to ask, and to listen. The mean global MI spirit rating was 4.0 (95%CI 3.9-4.1). Mean MI principle scores ranged from 3.8 (95%CI 3.7-3.9) to 4.3 (95%CI 4.2-4.4). The overall reflection-to-question ratio was 0.9 (95 CI 0.8-1.0), % open questions was 76.3 (95%CI 73.1-79.6), % complex reflections was 66.1 (95%CI 63.1-69.1), and % MI-adherent information was 94.1 (95%CI 93.5-94.5). Interventionists with higher scores conducted more and longer sessions than those with lower scores (p = 0.012). Those with beginner proficiency had a higher proportion of caregivers changing their oral health knowledge (p = 0.005). In conclusion, a good degree of MI fidelity was found, with higher fidelity among interventionists who conducted more interviews and spent more time talking with caregivers.

Multimorbidity and tooth loss: the Brazilian National Health Survey, 2019.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the presence of two or more chronic conditions (multimorbidity) on tooth loss between adults and older adults. Understanding the mechanisms of multimorbidity on tooth loss is essential to inform policy development. This study aims to investigate the association between multimorbidity and severity of tooth loss in Brazilian adults and older adults. METHODS: We analysed data from a nationally representative sample of 88,531 Brazilian individuals aged 18 and over who participated in the 2019 Brazilian Health Survey. Tooth loss was the outcome by two different classifications: functional dentition (lost 1-12 teeth) and severe tooth loss (lost 23-32 teeth). The presence of multimorbidity was the main exposure and based on 13 self-reported doctor-diagnosed chronic diseases that were further categorised into two groups, i.e., ≥2 or ≥ 3 comorbidities. Sociodemographic covariates included sex, age, race, income, level of education and tobacco smoking and geographic region of residency. Multivariate logistic regression models estimated the OR (Odds Ratios) and 95%CI of the associations between multimorbidity and tooth loss. RESULTS: For 65,803 adults (aged 18 to 59), the presence of multimorbidity (≥2) was associated with 32% higher odds of having severe tooth loss (95% CI, 1.17; 1.49) and 33% lower odds of having functional dentition (95% CI, 0.60; 0.75). For the 22,728 older adults (aged 60 and older), multimorbidity (≥2) was associated with a 17% higher odds of severe tooth loss (95% CI, 1.06; 1.29) and 23% lower odds of having functional dentition (95% CI 0.70; 0.85). The sensitivity analysis, excluding hypertension, confirmed our findings. CONCLUSIONS: Brazilian adults and older adults with multimorbidity are more likely to have severe tooth loss and less likely to have functional dentition.

Oral health coverage in the Family Health Strategy and use of dental services in adolescents in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, 2019: cross-sectional study. / Cobertura de equipes de saúde bucal na Estratégia Saúde da Família e uso de serviços odontológicos em adolescentes de Mato Grosso do Sul, 2019: estudo transversal.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between the coverage by oral health teams in the Family Health Strategy (FHS-OH) and the use of dental services among 12-year-old adolescents in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, 2019. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study involving school-based research, which adopted the use of dental services as its outcome. Structural equation modeling was used to test the association between covariates and the outcome. RESULTS: Of the 615 participants, 74.0% used dental services in the last three years. ESF-SB (oral health coverage by family health strategy, acronym in Portuguese) ≥50% was associated with a greater use of public dental services [standardized coefficient (SC) = 0.10 -95%CI 0.01;0.18], a lower use of these services for prevention (SC = -0.07 -95%CI -0.17;0.01) and higher unhealthy food consumption (SC = 0.19 -95%CI 0.11;0.26). CONCLUSION: Higher ESF-SB coverage was associated with a lower use of dental services for prevention and higher unhealthy food consumption. Teams must organize the access to oral health service and qualify the work process.

Oral health coverage in the Family Health Strategy and use of dental services in adolescents in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, 2019: cross-sectional study / Cobertura de salud bucal en la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia y uso de servicios dentales en adolescentes en Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, 2019: estudio transversal / Cobertura de equipes de saúde bucal na Estratégia Saúde da Família e uso de serviços odontológicos em adolescentes de Mato Grosso do Sul, 2019: estudo transversal

Objective: To analyze the association between the coverage of oral health teams in the Family Health Strategy (ESF-SB) and the use of dental services among adolescents aged 12 years in Mato Grosso do Sul, 2019. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, involving school-based research. The outcome was the use of dental services. Structural equation models were performed to test the association of covariates with the use of services. Results: Of the 615 participants, 74.0% used dental services in the past three years. ESF-SB coverage ≥50% was associated with greater use of public dental services [Standardized Coefficient (SC) = 0.10 ­ IC95% 0.01;0.18], greater use for treatment (SC = -0.07 ­ IC95% 0.17;0.01), and greater consumption of unhealthy foods (SC = 0.19 ­ IC95% 0.11;0.26). Conclusion: Greater coverage of ESF-SB was associated with greater use for treatments and greater inadequate food consumption by adolescents. Oral health teams must organize access and qualify the work process.

Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre a cobertura de equipes de saúde bucal na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF-SB) e a utilização de serviços odontológicos entre adolescentes de 12 anos, em Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, 2019. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, cujo desfecho foi a utilização de serviços odontológicos. Modelos de equações estruturais foram construídos para testar a associação das covariáveis com o desfecho. Resultados: Dos 615 participantes, 74,0% utilizaram os serviços odontológicos nos últimos três anos. A cobertura de ESF-SB ≥50% associou-se a maior uso de serviços públicos [coeficiente padronizado (CP) = 0,10 ­ IC95% 0,01;0,18], menor uso para prevenção (CP = -0,07 ­ IC95% -0,17;0,01) e maior consumo de alimentos não saudáveis (CP = 0,19 ­ IC95% 0,11;0,26). Conclusão: Maiores coberturas de ESF-SB associaram-se a menor utilização de serviços para prevenção e maior consumo alimentar não saudável. As equipes devem organizar o acesso e qualificar o processo de trabalho.